The word arthritis means inflammation of a joint or joints. The inflammation is usually accompanied by pain, and can be caused by many underlying disorders. Conditions labelled arthritis fall under two main categories: inflammatory and degenerative. This article examines the most common conditions associated with each category: Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Information regarding other, less common forms of arthritis can be found here.
Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis share many similarities in presentation, with joint pain being the primary symptom of both conditions. However, they have very different causes and treatments, so it's essential to determine exactly what you are dealing with.
Please note: This article is not intended for self-diagnosis and does not replace the advice of a medical professional.
Osteoarthritis - Causes and Treatment
Osteoarthritis is often referred to as wear-and-tear arthritis. It is a degenerative condition caused by the wearing away of the cartilage in the joint, and the overgrowth of bone to compensate. It occurs most frequently in the hip, knee, and finger joints. Over time, the joints may become misshapen.
Osteoarthritis is more likely if you are over 50, are obese, have a family history of arthritis, or have previously injured the affected joint.
The identifying factors of osteoarthritis are:
- Joint pain and swelling which worsen when the affected joint is used.
- Stiffness in the mornings, which lasts less than 30 minutes.
There is no cure for osteoarthritis. Mild cases can be managed with regular exercise to maintain joint suppleness and pain relief medications. Losing excess weight is also recommended. For more severe pain, a doctor may prescribe non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or opioid medications such as codeine.
Other treatment options may include electrical devices (TENS machines), heat and cold packs, physiotherapy, or even surgery. For further information on treatment options for osteoarthritis, please visit this link.
Rheumatoid Arthritis - Causes and Treatment
Rheumatoid Arthritis is an autoimmune disorder. It is a result of the body's immune system attacking healthy tissue in the joint, causing inflammation and eventually leading to damage.
It is not known what causes the immune system to malfunction in this way; however, it is thought that genes play a role. However, hormonal and environmental factors may also play a role.
The identifying factors of rheumatoid arthritis are:
- Throbbing or aching joints that worsen after inactivity.
- Morning stiffness that lasts for longer than 30 minutes or worsens with rest.
- Swelling of the joints, accompanied by redness, which feels warm to the touch.
- Fatigue or flu-like symptoms may also be reported, as the condition has autoimmune origins.
Rheumatoid arthritis cannot be cured, but its progression can be slowed with the right treatment. It is therefore essential to consult your doctor to confirm the diagnosis. Pain control can be provided with either over-the-counter medications, prescribed anti-inflammatories, opioids, or corticosteroids. Drugs called Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and biological treatments in the form of injections, may also be used under medical supervision. These work by reducing the effects of the chemical attack on the joints caused by the faulty immune system.
Physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and surgery are sometimes indicated in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. For more in-depth information on the range of treatments for rheumatoid arthritis, please visit this link.
While neither osteoarthritis nor rheumatoid arthritis can be cured, they can be managed with the correct diagnosis and treatment. Several charities exist to provide practical tips and emotional support to people living with arthritis, including Versus Arthritis.
